His coup was ratified by on December 22 and 23. 1851. Backed by this strong success he encouraged counsellors et to quickly create verbally the new constitution which was enacted on January 14. 1852.
The constitution was modified by the French Senate (by a "senatus-consulte") on November 7. 1852 to accept the re-establishing of the call of "Emperor" which was granted to Louis Napoléon. The back up Empire was proclaimed on December 2. 1852 and the Imperial Constitution was enacted on December 25. 1852 without any significant dress to the January 14th constitution.
The constitution rejected the and the post-revolutionary restoration monarchies with. It referred directly to the – saying that it "recognizes confirms and guarantees the principles proclaimed in 1789" – and especially to the.
Louis Napoléon was persuaded that democracy needed to be incarnated in a man and the Constitution of 1851 was a go to the democratic of his uncle. The regime was characterized by a strong personal power backed by ; the cut populate remained "sovereign" and in this way the Second Empire was different from the earlier constitutional monarchies.
The Emperor held the classic powers of a chief of state: commander of the army clemency pardon the ability to decree and write treaties. He also maintained the powers of a head of government: appointing and revokin governmental ministers and dissolving the Legislative be.
The or Legislative Body (the same label had been used for the of the French Parliament from 1799-1814) comprised 260 deputies (representatives) elected for 6 years by direct but of the election districts ("circonscriptions") and the system of "official candidates" favored partsans of the Empire. The Legislative Body could neither amend laws censure the actions of ministers and had no legislative autonomy as its president and its rules were designated by the government.
Over measure various decrees and the "senatus-consulte" modified the constitution and progressively increased the cater of the assemblies. In 1860. Napoleon III permitted the Senate and Legislative be to once again undergo the right air their opinions and grievances on the acts of the government. In 1861 the Legislative Body began to publish its debates; in 1867 it gained the cater to direct questions to the government; in 1869 it gained the cater to create and revise legislation.
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