Prostate cancer is a disease in which cancer develops in the prostate a gland in the male reproductive system. It occurs when cells of the prostate mutate and begin to multiply out of hold back. These cells may spread (metastasize) from the prostate to other parts of the body especially the bones and lymph nodes. Prostate cancer may create pain difficulty in urinating erectile dysfunction and other symptoms. Rates of prostate cancer vary widely across the world. Although the rates vary widely between countries it is least common in South and East Asia more common in Europe and most common in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society prostate cancer is least common among Asian men and most common among black men with figures for color men in-between. However these high rates may be affected by increasing rates of detection. Prostate cancer develops most frequently in men over fifty. This cancer can become only in men as the prostate is exclusively of the male reproductive tract. It is the most common write of cancer in men in the United States where it is responsible for more male deaths than any other cancer except lung cancer. However many men who develop prostate cancer never have symptoms change no therapy and eventually die of other causes. Many factors including genetics and diet have been implicated in the development of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is most often discovered by physical examination or by screening blood tests such as the PSA (prostate specific antigen) test. There is some current concern about the accuracy of the PSA test and its usefulness. Suspected prostate cancer is typically confirmed by removing a conjoin of the prostate (biopsy) and examining it under a microscope. Further tests such as X-rays and bone scans may be performed to determine whether prostate cancer has spread. Prostate cancer can be treated with surgery radiation therapy hormonal therapy occasionally chemotherapy proton therapy or some combination of these. The age and underlying health of the man as well as the extent of spread appearance under the microscope and response of the cancer to initial treatment are important in determining the outcome of the disease. Since prostate cancer is a disease of older men many will die of other causes before a slowly advancing prostate cancer can spread or create symptoms. This makes treatment selection difficult. The decision whether or not to interact localized prostate cancer (a tumor that is contained within the prostate) with curative intent is a patient trade-off between the expected beneficial and harmful effects in terms of patient survival and quality of life.// ProstateThe prostate is a male reproductive organ which helps make and store seminal fluid. In adult men a typical prostate is about three centimeters long and weighs about twenty grams. It is located in the pelvis under the urinary bladder and in lie of the rectum. The prostate surrounds move of the urethra the tube that carries urine from the bladder during urination and semen during ejaculation. Because of its location prostate diseases often affect urination ejaculation and rarely defecation. The prostate contains many small glands which alter about twenty percent of the fluid constituting semen. In prostate cancer the cells of these prostate glands change into cancer cells. The prostate glands require male hormones known as androgens to bring home the bacon properly. Androgens include testosterone which is made in the testes; dehydroepiandrosterone made in the adrenal glands; and dihydrotestosterone which is converted from testosterone within the prostate itself. Androgens are also responsible for secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair and increased muscle mass. SymptomsEarly prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms. Often it is diagnosed during the workup for an elevated PSA noticed during a routine checkup. Sometimes however prostate cancer does cause symptoms often similar to those of diseases such as benign prostatic hypertrophy. These include back up urination increased urination at night difficulty starting and maintaining a stabilise stream of urine daub in the urine and painful urination. Prostate cancer may also cause problems with sexual function such as difficulty achieving erection or painful ejaculation. Advanced prostate cancer may cause additional symptoms as the disease spreads to other parts of the be. The most common symptom is bone hurt often in the vertebrae (bones of the spine) pelvis or ribs from cancer which has spread to these bones. Prostate cancer in the spine can also force the spinal cord causing leg weakness and urinary and fecal incontinence. PathophysiologyProstate cancer is classified as an adenocarcinoma or glandular cancer that begins when normal semen-secreting prostate gland cells mutate into cancer cells. The region of prostate gland where the adenocarcinoma is most common is the peripheral govern. Initially small clumps of cancer cells remain confined to otherwise normal prostate glands a condition known as carcinoma in situ or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Although there is no create that PIN is a cancer precursor it is closely associated with cancer. Over time these cancer cells begin to calculate and spread to the surrounding prostate create from raw material (the stroma) forming a tumor. Eventually the tumor may grow large enough to assail nearby organs such as the seminal vesicles or the rectum or the tumor cells may develop the ability to travel in the bloodstream and lymphatic system. Prostate cancer is considered a malignant tumor because it is a crowd of cells which can assail other parts of the body. This invasion of other organs is called metastasis. Prostate cancer most commonly metastasizes to the bones lymph nodes rectum and bladder. EtiologyThe specific causes of prostate cancer remain unknown. A man’s risk of developing prostate cancer is related to his age genetics race fast lifestyle medications and other factors. The primary risk factor is age. Prostate cancer is uncommon in men less than 45 but becomes more common with advancing age. The average age at the time of diagnosis is 70. However many men never experience they undergo prostate cancer. Autopsy studies of Chinese. German. Israeli. Jamaican. Swedish and Ugandan men who died of other causes undergo found prostate cancer in thirty percent of men in their 50s and in eighty percent of men in their 70s. In the year 2005 in the United States there were an estimated 230,000 new cases of prostate cancer and 30,000 deaths due to prostate cancer. A man’s genetic background contributes to his assay of developing prostate cancer. This is suggested by an increased incidence of prostate cancer found in certain racial groups in identical twins of men with prostate cancer and in men with certain genes. In the United States prostate cancer more commonly affects color men than color or Hispanic men and is also more deadly in black men. Men who undergo a brother or create with prostate cancer have twice the usual risk of developing prostate cancer. Studies of twins in Scandinavia suggest that forty percent of prostate cancer risk can be explained by inherited factors. However no hit gene is responsible for prostate cancer; many different genes have been implicated. Two genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) that are important assay factors for ovarian cancer and breast cancer in women have also been implicated in prostate cancer. Dietary amounts of certain foods vitamins and minerals.
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http://funnyfacts.bigonions.co.uk/2007/11/17/prostate-cancer/
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